Spartacus To The Gladiators At Capua monologue Essay Example For Students

Spartacus To The Gladiators At Capua monologue Essay A monologue by E. Kellogg NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from One Hundred Choice Selections. Ed. Phineas Garrett. Philadelphia: Penn Publishing Co., 1897. SPARTACUS: Ye call me chief; and ye do well to call him chief who for twelve long years has met upon the arena every shape of man or beast the broad Empire of Rome could furnish, and who never yet lowered his arm. If there be one among you who can say that ever, in public fight or private brawl, my actions did belie my tongue, let him stand forth and say it. If there be three in all your company dare face me on the bloody sands, let them come on. And yet I was not always thus,a hired butcher, a savage chief of still more savage men. My ancestors came from old Sparta, and settled among the vine-clad rocks and citron groves of Syrasella. My early life ran quiet as the brooks by which I sported; and when, at noon, I gathered the sheep beneath the shade, and played upon the shepherd\s flute, there was a friend, the son of a neighbor, to join me in the pastime. We led our flocks to the same pasture, and partook together our rustic meal. One evening, after the sheep were folded, and we wer e all seated beneath the myrtle which shaded our cottage, my grandsire, an old man, was telling of Marathon and Leuctra; and how, in ancient times, a little band of Spartans, in a defile of the mountains, had withstood a whole army. I did not then know what war was; but my cheeks burned, I know not why, and I clasped the knees of that venerable man, until my mother, parting the hair from off my forehead, kissed my throbbing temples, and bade me go to rest, and think no more of those old tales and savage wars. That very night the Romans landed on our coast. I saw the breast that had nourished me trampled by the hoof of the war-horse,the bleeding body of my father flung amidst the blazing rafters of our dwelling! We will write a custom essay on Spartacus To The Gladiators At Capua monologue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To-day I killed a man in the arena; and, when I broke his helmet-clasps, behold! he was my friend. He knew me, smiled faintly, gasped, and died;the same sweet smile upon his lips that I had marked, when, in adventurous boyhood, we scaled the lofty cliff to pluck the first ripe grapes, and bear them home in childish triumph! I told the pr?tor that the dead man had been my friend, generous and brave; and I begged that I might bear away the body, to burn it on a funeral pile, and mourn over its ashes. Ay! upon my knees, amid the dust and blood of the arena, I begged that poor boon, while all the assembled maids and matrons, and the holy virgins they call Vestals, and the rabble, shouted in derision, deeming it rare sport, forsooth, to see Rome\s fiercest gladiator turn pale and tremble at the sight of that piece of bleeding clay! And the pr?tor drew back as I were pollution, and sternly said, Let the carrion rot; there are no noble men but Romans. And so, fellow-gladiators, must you, an d so must I, die like dogs. O Rome! Rome! thou hast been a tender nurse to me. Ay! thou hast given to that poor, gentle, timid shepherd lad, who never knew a harsher tone than a flute-note, muscles of iron and a heart of flint; taught him to drive the sword through plaited mail and links of rugged brass, and warm it in the marrow of his foe;to gaze into the glaring eyeballs of the fierce Numidian lion, even as a boy upon a laughing girl! And he shall pay thee back, until the yellow Tiber is red as frothing wine, and in its deepest ooze thy life-blood lies curdled! Ye stand her now like giants, as ye are! The strength of brass is in your toughened sinews, but to-morrow some Roman Adonis, breathing sweet perfume from his curly locks, shall with his lily fingers pat your red brawn, and bet his sesterces upon your blood. Hark! hear ye yon lion roaring in his den? \Tis three days since he has tasted flesh; but to-morrow he shall break his fast upon yours,and a dainty meal for him ye will be! If ye are beasts, then stand here like fat oxen, waiting for the butcher\s knife! If ye are men, follow me! Strike down yon guard, gain the mountain passes, and there do bloody work, as did your sires at old Thermopyl?! Is Sparta dead? Is the old Grecian spirit frozen in your veins, that you do crouch and cower like a belabored hound beneath his master\s lash? O comrades! warriors! Thracians! if we must fight, let us fight for ourselves! If we must slaughter, let us slaughter our oppressors! If we must die, let it be under the clear sky, by the bright waters, in noble, honorable battle!

Advertising Variety Essays

Advertising Variety Essays Advertising Variety Essay Advertising Variety Essay The production of goods without quick sale is to no purpose. We have different kind of advertisement to promote sales. Advertisement gives information about new products, about health and safety is called informative advertisement. The kind of advertisement that persuades peoples to buy thing is called persuasive advertisement. Persuasive advertisement is directed to consumers who do not need to buy products very much. However, through effective advertisement they are brought round to buy them. Then there is deceptive advertisement. Deceptive advertising makes peoples believe products or goods to better then they are. When persuasive advertising becomes deceptive, the results are often negative. We look at the innumerable posters, notices, small boards and hoardings, huge boards on the outside of buildings and banners for advertisement at road crossings and street corners or in busy public places. At night the advertisement are well lit, and they seems to add glamour to the areas around. However, the large hoardings or billboards with pictures and slogans only block the view of natural scenery and restrict pennes. Advertisement is something of a necessity in the modern world of competition and conflicts. Firstly, they introduce the new products to the general public; for example, the public comes to know readily of some new medicines for diseases, effective techniques of constructing houses through companies having specialized knowledge. The government advertises its schemes and policies to inform the public and to make it participate in them. It has advertised in the past its new housing plans, saving schemes, educational policies, issue of identity card etc. Mom off and on. Advertisement in newspapers for job in government departments and private organizations are highly useful. They help the offices and agencies to get readily trained manpower from the public. They help the educated public to get jobs and production centers through newspaper advertisements. The education private sector mostly depends on advertisement and publicity to attract students to educational institute. Advertising of cigarettes, undesirable dress, expensive food, harmful soft drink and the time wasting games should be discouraged. Cosmetic and items of make-up that cause waste of time and money and also negative effect on the health should not be put up at public places. Any advertisement that effect health and character negatively and helps develop bad habits should immediately be disallowed by the government. The advertisement who misinform the public about their products and services and about those of their competitors should be tried in court of law and punished. There should be strict law for this, which carefully and forcefully implemented. Advertisement should be developed as an art that pleases and inform the peoples rightly about the best products and services. It should be not misused for popularizing of defective or expensive industrial goods, expensive luxuries, foreign products and even publications that can be harm full to the people in any way. Having investigated this branch we can made next conclusion: advertisement has become our need. For launch new products we have to advertise that product. And then that product will start running if that product has some quality.

Trade Growth and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Trade Growth and Development - Essay Example International trade is a trade or exchange of goods between two or more nations. This can be at the individual level, organizational, company level, or at the government level. International trade occurs when there is movement of goods across national borders. Economic growth is the increase in a country’s production measured in Gross National Product or Gross National Income or income per capita (Nafziger 2005). A sign of growth in the economy is shown by the boost in the quantity of trade conducted in a country, setting up of buildings, roads among other visible factors. Economic development, on the other hand, encompasses economic growth as well as the additional factors of changes in output distribution and economic structure (Nafziger 2005). The changes include improvements in the welfare of the citizens, their level of happiness, as well as, their physical health conditions among others. Contribution of International Trade in Economic Growth and Development Looking at the impact that international trade has had on the growth and development of economies, this article will divide the impacts into two parts namely; the impacts on the developing countries and the impacts on the developed countries. Each of the two categories will look at the gains and losses that have been the result of international trade on different economies. As the previous paragraph has suggested, there are varying implications of international trade in the different economies. The first focus is based on the developing world. It explores the positive and negative impacts of international trade on the developing world.... Additionally, specialization allows a country to stick to what it can best produce and leave what it cannot to those that can do so. This leads to economic growth and development because when it specializes in what it can do best, it’s able to maximize its resources and invest proceeds on welfare services like hospitals and roads which are vital indicators of growth and development of the economy. At the same time, the costs of production are prohibitive in most developing countries. Essentially, industries incur high costs to produce commodities and then charge high prices for goods. Among other reasons, most developing economies are labour intensive when it comes to production of their goods. Though the positive aspect of this is that it has created employment to a lot of people, it, however, is costly to the government. The benefit of international trade is that it allows importation of machinery that makes production cheaper and thus enhances the efficient production of go ods. As a result, the quality of manufactured goods improves thus allowing the countries to gain more from their products as a result of increased value of exports. Due to unfavourable balance of trade, the least developing countries have also opted to embrace the concept of value addition (Morton 2011). This means that they export some finished products though they account for about 10% of their income from export (Morton 2011). Though the level of processing is not as high as it is in many developed countries, the developing countries have managed to reach a level of being manufactures and semi-manufacturers as the line between manufacturing and owning raw products is blurred (Morton 2011). This is a

Legal Issues in Reduction of Workforce Case Study

Legal Issues in Reduction of Workforce - Case Study Example How did you balance the legal risk of terminating individuals from a protected class against the business risk of losing valuable talent Are there are any extenuating regulatory circumstances(e.g exceptions to employment at will, or collective bargaining agreement )that would affect the decision to terminate the above referenced employees Collective bargaining consists of negotiations between an employer and a group of employees so as to determine the conditions of employment. The result of collective bargaining procedures is a collective agreement. Employees are often represented in bargaining by a union or other labor organization. Collective bargaining is governed by federal and state statutory laws, administrative agency regulations, and judicial decisions. In areas where federal and state law overlap, state laws are preempted. See, U.S. Constitution, Art. VI The main body of law governing collective bargaining is the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). It explicitly grants employees the right to collectively bargain and join trade unions. The NLRA was originally enacted by Congress in 1935 under its power to regulate interstate commerce. See, U.S. Constitution Art. I, Section 8. ... The act prohibits employers from interfering with this selection. The NLRA requires the employer to bargain with the appointed representative of its employees. It does not require either side to agree to a proposal or make concessions but does establish procedural guidelines on good faith bargaining. Proposals which would violate the NLRA or other laws may not be subject to collective bargaining. The NLRA also establishes regulations on what tactics (e.g. strikes, lock-outs, picketing) each side may employ to further their bargaining objectives. State laws further regulate collective bargaining and make collective agreements enforceable under state law. They may also provide guidelines for those employers and employees not covered by the NLRA, such as agricultural laborers. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution used as an alternative to litigation. It is commonly designated in collective agreements between employers and employees as the way to resolve disputes. The parties select a neutral third party (an arbiter) to hold a formal or informal hearing on the disagreement. The arbiter then issues a decision binding on the parties. Both federal and state law governs the practice of arbitration. While the Federal Arbitration Act, by its own terms, is not applicable to employment contracts, federal courts are increasingly applying the law in labor disputes. Fourty-nine states have adopted the Uniform Arbitration Act (1956) as state law. Thus, the arbitration agreement and decision of the arbiter may be enforceable under state and federal law. Employment Discrimination laws seek to prevent discrimination based on race, sex, religion, national origin, physical disability, and age by

Politics Comment 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Politics Comment 1 - Essay Example â€Å"Even after visiting the likely hiding places around Baghdad, the coalition found no convincing proof that Iraq retained stocks of chemical and biological weapons, or that Saddam had been trying to build a nuclear bomb† (Richie, p. 91). And still American troops remain in Iraq and as a result terror is being felt by the people, not from a dictatorial regime, but from being unnecessarily caught up in the crossfire between insurgents and American troops. U.S. invasion of Iraq has been an instrument of manipulation with underlying reasons not related to discovering and disarming weapons of mass destruction. â€Å"U.S. soldiers has no right to occupy a sovereign nation, outside of international law, and doubly so because it was done under false pretenses† (Tremblay, p. 203). Such false pretenses, experts claim, mask the ulterior motive of the U.S. of wanting to maintain control over Iraqi oil fields and to placate political conservatives who want to make the Middle Eas t safe for Israel (Mueller, p. 137). When the U.S Congress authorized the sending of troops to Iraq, it agreed to do so in order to â€Å"defend the national security of the US from the threat posed by Iraq† (Congressional Resolution 296-133 in the House; 77-23 in the Senate, as quoted by Levin, Editorials). With the fall of Saddam Hussein, Iraq no longer poses a threat to US security. Many experts argue that when illegal troops occupy a country, any violent means adapted by the country’s citizens to depose illegal occupants can be classified as guerrilla warfare. Guerrilla warfare is a war waged by the people to express their protest and outrage against forces that threaten their independence and sovereignty. â€Å"It is a defensive type of war against a foreign invader† (Eland, as quoted by Knickerbocker â€Å"Specials†). And interest groups emphasize that this type of warfare usually does not stop until the

Differences Of Mermaid Myths From Cultural Beliefs English Literature Essay

Differences Of Mermaid Myths From Cultural Beliefs English Literature Essay Myth is traditional ancient stories which have actually occurred in a previous age, explaining cosmological and supernatural traditional of a people, their gods, heroes, cultural traits and religions beliefs (Leach 1975 778). This essay will compare relationship between mermaid myths from different cultural beliefs and its symbols which represent the inner meaning of each myth. It is certainly true to say that the idea of mermaids when first arrived into peoples mind is a mythology aquatic creature with female human torso; instead of legs, mermaids have tail of a fish. They have beautiful crystal clear voice, which seduced men to fall into the hallucination when they are singing. In other word, it could be understood that Mermaid themselves portrait the beautiful seduction of the female sex. Nobody could possibly stand the pleasing voice if any of them get close to the mermaid. This significant also has been taken as a theme, connotation, slogan or the meaning of some certain tales and advertising products. Though, there are some questions about the mermaid myth that have been wondered by mythological researcher. (Doty 2004 11) They have a broad presentation in different myths and folklores depending on those cultural beliefs. The appearance of mermaids can be differentiated up to the imagination and the message they want to send. As long as they maintain the female figure with dramatically long hair, it is a copy right of mermaids characteristics. Significance and meaning are broadly different as well according to a particular cultural mythology. Initially, the word Mermaid means sea woman. Mere is an old English means sea and maid from maiden, means woman. Males equivalent is Merman, where it could be recognized clearly the use of direct word man after mere, Mythological research. (Doty 2004 11) Unfortunately, the ideology of this aquatic myth is focused on the representation of womans enchantment and seduction due to the emphasis of appearance. Merman obviously does not play a big role in those issues. Besides, there is another dark story of mermaids attitude, where they would portray foxy planners. They are depicted to be squeezing life out of mostly sailor, while attempting to escape from sea storms. In some myths, mermaids also carry humans down to their underwater kingdom. These two ideas are more terrified than the first mermaid tale, but still emphasize on seduction. It is normal in term of classical myth to depict women as negative or passive models, said Marta Weigle in Myth and Mythmaking in Fantastic Literature by Women. (Shinn 1986 19) If women in mythology described as negative example, then Why is a mermaid not portraying as a creature with more masculinity? Since a holy spirit of aqua is a Goddess in Thai Pra-mae-kong-ka or waters spirit in Greek mythology not including the famous Poseidon. Anything associated with water should be translated to the meaning of softness. Women do not have masculine body constructed as men. They would not be able to intensively fight as the way male heroes did. Therefore, they have to use the ability of enchanting nearby men who lured by their stunning bodies and music. Greek mythology explains the characteristics of mermaid in similarity. Greek addressed the name of Sirens. Three dangerous bird-women lived in mysterious rocky coast, where they lure nearby sailors to enchanting by their fine music. Sirens portray as seductresses as same as the description of women in mythology. Women were sources of sin (Shinn 1986 110). Sirens sometimes portrayed in later folklore as fully aquatic and mermaid-like. They still sustain the figure of female who is the best in seducing human in every myth. witcombe.sbc.edu/water/artmermaids.html there is another mermaid myth in Japanese beliefs. According to old Japanese tale, Mermaids organs could give the miracle affection to people who desired in particular supernatural power. Anyone who ate flesh of a mermaid would achieve the immortality and vice versa A mermaids heart would turn back to mortal human. This mermaid myth is rather extra-ordinary to the ideology of Western mermaid. The ability of gaining immortality would persuade the dark side of human to hunt mermaid selfishly, as human is afraid of aged and death. However, there is a drawback to remind a sin of going against the nature. A person, who became an immortal, would live in the world alone for eternity. He or she could only watch their beloved people died as time passed by while he or she was the only one who survived for decades. That is the agonic pain human could feel without physical wound. (Doty 2004 15) Such myths that are embedded into the different cultures are the result of the fears of water. Regarding to Geoffrey Galt Harpham, the author of On The Grotesque: Strategies of Contradiction in Art and Literature, The grotesque is the concept without form: the world nearly always modifies such indeterminate noun as monster, objects or things (Harpham 1982 3). A byproduct of fear as a mermaid may be makes the figure of the mermaid a monstrous, an abject; a grotesque. Feared and unbearable, human invent a figure that represent their different suppressed fear; fear of oceans, fear of travelling or perhaps fear of women. Human in the presence of the fearful figure get what is called the temptation. Temptations are not grotesque not because they are hideous dragons and gorgons terrible beasts are not necessarily grotesque but because in the midst of an overwhelming impression of monstrousness there is much we can recognize, mush corrupted and shuffled similarities, (Harpham 1982 5). Due to these temptations, the abject, the grotesque human fear and cannot bear is in fact rather something familiar. The idea results in a cross over between human and non-human. To mermaids, theyre fish crossing over with human; the familiar with the abject. Even though Mermaids myth is broadly presented according to culture and belief, there are basic understandings of mermaid maintained. Mermaid could not be a mermaid if there is no seductive characteristic in any sense. The tale of different world becomes very well known narrative by media and the adaptation such as The Little Mermaid of Waltz Disney Picture. In the adaptation, the mermaid figure Ariel plays the protagonist who longs to explore the land above and eventually falls in love with the human prince Phillips while recuing him from a shipwreck. Difference leads to the struggling situation, and audiences love to consume the conflict within a plot. As the crossing over gets narrowed down into something forbidden, the mermaid figure in the narrative seeks to become human. She is then seen as a human being the protagonist and has humanly feelings. From the frightening image of a sea monster grotesque, the mermaid myth gets varied by the new identity as a protagonist who is portrayed as a young curious and delightful girl who can fall in love with the most forbidden condition; racial difference. Therefore, the forbidden love issue between human and mermaid appears to be the most famous genre. Within the Thai culture, according to Jit Phumisak, there are fewer stories about mermaids comparing to the western; although, mermaids have appeared in some Thai literatures. Most people might imagine that mermaid has half and half body between human and fish but in the very first Thai literature mermaid appeared as a snake in Li-lit-ong-karn-chang-nam (à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã…  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ³) à  Ã‚ ¸-à  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ «Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ·Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ±Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã…“à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ·Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚  à  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ·Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ µÃƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸-à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ±Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ±Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸-à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢ (He, Pra-insuan rode on the white cow and use mermaid as a weapon) à  Ã‚ ¸-à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸-à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã…  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã… ½Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ² à  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã… ¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã… ¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡ à  Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã… ¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã…  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ² à  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ²Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ´Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‹â€ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ±Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¹Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ £Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¯Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (With a power of mermaid he could destroy anything) Pra-insuan uses the holy white cow as his transportation and use a snake as his weapon but in this poem the writer didnt use the word snake but he used mermaid or nguak Which means that snake and mermaid referring to the same thing. This mermaids appearances are nearly like mermaids archetypes in general; although differentiate to fit the Thai literature world. The myth of mermaids is also used through a symbol by using its appearance and its characteristics. The symbolism of a mermaid that is widely known is the Starbucks Coffee logo having a twin-tailed siren in the middle surrounded by the green circle labeled the company name. Siren is a name calling for a creature having a half-fish, half-woman body in Greek mythology. According to the myth, sirens actually take forms of a bird or a fish but soon after, the myth stated as the siren was a fish-woman. The origin of the twin tails is a combination of a fish tail and a womans legs. Usually Sirens are hunting around rocks or cliffs. Additionally, they are believed to be daughters of the river Achelous and the nymph Calliope and usually they live in mountains. Basically, a symbolic figure of siren can have diverse meanings such as an inferior of women, a impure imagination attracted towards the beginning or the end of life, or a suffering of a yearning leading to death meaning though they ha ve a beautiful face and breast, they could not satisfy the craving occurred by their music and charm because of their atypical bodies. But essentially they give a meaning of temptations or seduction meaning the use of the charm to death. According to Juan Eduardo Cirlot, the author of The Dictionary of Symbols, The spell thus cast is attributed to the siren whose songs so captivates the listeners that he falls into the ocean (of the lower water and of nascent forms) teeming with multitudinous life. (Cirlot 2002 298) What significance of sirens is that they were given such a beautiful rhapsody which really the music has reductive and deadly sense hidden that anyone who hear the song may step into sirens places without knowing that he will be a prey of them. So this feature is what Starbucks company got the idea of the logo from the myth of sirens. The Starbucks logo was inspired from the invention of the name of the company. At first, the company name Starbucks was taken from the cha racter who is the first crew on the ship, Pequod, from a literature named Moby Dick. According to Sara Gilbert, the author of The Story of Starbucks, The striking green, black and white logo that adorns all the Starbucks products is a salute to the companys earliest incarnation.(Gilbert 2008 13) The name, Starbucks, is an intention of the company that every costumer reminds of a fascinating scent of a deep ocean. And that intention comes to a research on the symbol to represent of it, and so they come up with a twin-tailed mermaid or so called siren which was copied from a Nordic woodcut of the sixteen century. The first usage of the twin-tailed siren was the original symbol from the woodcut which the siren was having a Rubenesque body, showing its breasts and navel and wearing a crown. Also, apart from her breasts and navel, her tail symbolizes as a more sexual connotation openly. According to Howard Schultz, Dori Jones Yang, the author of Pour Your Heart Into It: How Starbucks Bui lt a Company One Cup at a Time, That early siren, bare- breasted and Rubenesque, was supposed to be as seductive as the coffee itself .(Schultz and Yang 1997 33) The company gives the significance of the siren as a creature who devour men to death, when compared to the smell of the coffee that the smell was like such a sweet song a siren singing which is, due to the mythology, having a seductive music and it seduces people who hear of it to come to its place or people who smell of their coffee would come to the shop. According to Bryant Simon, the author of Everything but the coffee: learning about America from Starbucks, With Schultzs approval, they drew her as a less seductive, less dangerous icon, more a sweet, mild-mannered mermaid than a sexually dangerous mermaid.(Simon 2009 42) Later on, the company changed the appearance of the siren logo by covering up its breasts and belly button to have less sexual connotation and it was redrawn by focusing on the sirens face into a sweet ly smiley siren than a dangerously seductive previous one. Importantly, the new siren logo gives a new brighter good feeling of a siren rather than a woodcut siren. Also they changed color of the surrounding circle from brown to green which is more nature conservative and it gives a feeling of more friendly along with the new siren than the preceding version and it is the one used in every branch until today. In conclusion, the mermaid myth has long been bounded to the civilizations of mankind. Each culture around the world may have its own interpretation of the mythical sea creature, but it is notable that all share similar features of half fish half human. The figure is often seen as the representation of the females dark side, for example the seductresses of the sea that lure sailors to their end in the deep water of the oceans by their beautiful deceiving voices. Or the scary mythical creature that holds the secret to eternal life and youthful that people are after with little knowledge of the consequence of their greed. The figure of a mermaid can be called a grotesque; the non-thing that stands for anything opposing human, all that is feared and disgusted by human. However, from another point of view, the mermaid grotesque can be seen as rather familiar to human as a mermaid features half of a woman body, and in some narrative come in contact with such personal side of the human lif e; love. Furthermore, the figure of mermaid can not only represent aspects of darkness of the femininity but also the humans mind in general, for example, seduction, sexual desire, fears, greed, religion or even forbidden sexual perversity. Different tales were told in many different narratives about the mermaid through space, time and media means.

Moliere

The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period. There are a small amount of characteristics that are usually associated with the Enlightenment. People at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to direct their human existence. In Moliere’s Tartuffe, this is articulated all the way through the character of the king. Eventually, Tartuffe has brought an officer of the king back to take Orgon away. Though, in Tartuffe’s endeavour to get Orgon arrested, the king saw through him and explained that Tartuffe was the one to be charged and put to trial.One more important characteristic in the play is the desire for equality and dignity for all, the notion that all have a set of fundamental human rights. The Enlightenment also confronted several of the former ideologies, and one of such ideologies was unawareness. Tartuffe demonstrates these characteristics through the character Dorine, w ho is Mariane’s lady-maid; in other words, she is someone with a low social standing because she is a member of the working class. She is probably ignorant, as most are who have a low social status.Though, in the story, she is much smarter than Orgon and as well a lot more sensible. This illustrates that it does not matter what social class one comes from to find out their level of intelligence. Her proximity and acceptance by the family, with the exception of Orgon, illustrates that people can be looked at for their own worth and value. Dorine is an important person from a lower social standing than the family, however, she is capable of socializing and making friends with the family she works for.One more challenge is to false notion, dishonesty, as well as tyrannical traditions. Tartuffe is a character that is associated with the church and so far is a very misleading, deceitful character. He is capable of conning Orgon into letting him into his home. In addition, Orgon is misled into disinheriting his own son and leaving all the heritages to Tartuffe.Orgon is an example of the repressive person who makes an effort to maintain complete control. His control conventionally extends over his family, particularly his daughter. In the story, she is to supposed to get married to the man she loves, however when Tartuffe enters the picture, Orgon withdraws his promise to her fiancà ©, also tells her she is to marry Tartuffe instead. Despite the fact that, Orgon is challenged by his family, who work to show Tartuffe is a con-artist. This is in straight opposition to the conventional power structure of society and brings into question the right of this structure.These are just a few instances of how the Enlightenment ideals are depicted in the works of the time, particularly in Tartuffe. Tartuffe as a result enthused up the clergy, with its clever lampoon of religious extremists and hypocrites, that it was banned for 5 years. That was a mild punishment: a numb er of clerics wanted the playwright burned as a heretic. In its place, he was excommunicated. Regardless of this, the Catholic Encyclopedia asserts Molià ¨re as one of the faithful.What is little known at present is that Molià ¨re was a student of science, a devotee of the skeptical Lucretius; he quotes the Roman poet in The Misanthrope as well as an individualist in religion. The final scene in Molià ¨re's Don Juan was illustrated by a contemporary as a school of skepticism where, after making a clever Atheist say the most awful immoralities, he commended the cause of God to a valet who says ludicrous things. Don Juan was banned. (Michael Rothberg, 1993)Talking about of Molià ¨re's probity, the Catholic writer said religion has no value near the author of Tartuffe. Molià ¨re's Christianity was not as deep as that of Corneille, Racine, Boileau, and almost all the famous writers of his time. Moreover so far, when there was query of his being given Christian interment, and the cu re fluctuated, on the ground that the priest had arrived too late to give absolution to the comedian, who, it might almost be said, passed from the stage to the court of God, his widow provided evidence that he had received the sacraments in the last preceding paschal season.The description in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molià ¨re was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He died that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and merely under duress from the king was Molià ¨re buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides. He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molià ¨re who said, â€Å"We die only once, and for such a long time†. (Mccarthy, 2002).Work CitedGerry Mccarthy, 2002. The Theatres of Moliaere; Routledge.Michael Rothberg, 1993. Marketing Power: The Seduction of Rhetoric in ‘Dom Juan.' Journal article; The Romanic Review, Vol. 84Research Paper OutlineI. Thesis: The principles of the Enlightenment can be found in several of the writings from this time period.II. Topic Sentence: This was the age of motive.III. Supporting Details:People at this time started to apply realistic thoughts to make out and recognize nature and to direct their human existence.Ideology of the EnlightenmentDishonesty and deceptionsd.  Ã‚   TartouffeIV. Moliere:  Life  Productions  ReligionV. Conclusion:The description in the Catholic Encyclopedia confuses the facts. Molià ¨re was performing the leading role in The Imaginary Invalid when he collapsed onstage. He died that night, at his Paris home, on February 17, 1673. His wife called the priest, who rejected to come, he was an excommunicate, in any case, whom the learned Catholic work fails to mention, and mere ly under duress from the king was Molià ¨re buried with a priest in attendance. He was buried at night, in grounds held in reserve for suicides.  He is at present considered the best comic playwright France has produced. It was Molià ¨re who said, â€Å"We die only once, and for such a long time†. (Gerry Mccarthy, 2002).I reviewed your comments on my proposal and realized that my topic and research paper required a lot of revision. I decided that it would probably be best for me narrow my topic and start over.  Here’s my first proposal with the comments attached.During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impacted the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were still divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life. So was the case in France. Such diverse ways of practicing religion cau sed many conflicts here. Similarly, this play too, highlights such conflicts.I chose to write about religion during the Enlightenment Period because it’s exemplified in Moliere’s Tartouffe. So far Tartouffe is my favorite reading assignment this semester. I think that I will be able to find a lot of information on religion during the Enlightenment Period. I also think there may be several available sources to find information about how Christianity impacted the lives of individuals who lived in that time period. I am also more familiar with this subject. I still can't grasp your exact topic here.This sounds very general and broad. The reader needs a clear direction. ***Which aspects of Christianity during Moliere's time shed light on the actual text Tartuffe? What problems did these present? Which characters will you examine (select only one or two from the play to keep this focused and clear). This is a question you might ask yourself before crafting a focused thesis statement.In my research paper I will be highlighting the similarities of the â€Å"Devots† of the Enlightenment Period and characters in Tartouffe. I hope to show how certain ideas or perspectives have the ability to both dominate and blind individuals regarding religion.I will be using The American Century Dictionary, The American Journey by Goldfield that discusses French culture and several internet articles to support my points in the research paper.  During the Enlightenment Period, religion greatly impacted the lives of most Europeans. The predominant religion was Christianity. Although most Europeans shared the same religion, there were still divisions among them. Everyone had their own viewpoints on what it meant to be a Christian or how a Christian should live his or her life.Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere, a European writer, noted the behavior of his fellow countrymen and decided to write a comical play about it.  The â€Å"Devots† made up a large portio n of the Christian religion during the Enlightenment Period. The â€Å"Devots† were self-proclaimed righteous people. They were hypocrites who condemned anyone who didn’t think like them.Inspired by the â€Å"Devots†, Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Moliere wrote a comical play making fun of their behavior. The name of Moliere’s play is Tartouffe.  Madame Pernelle, a character in Tartuffe, most identifies with the â€Å"Devots† from the Enlightenment. She sees herself as a devout Christian Women. However, every one in her family except her son Orgon sees her as she truly is; a hypocrite. She is one who is quick to judge and tries to justify her harsh words by insinuating that she only says what God tells her to say. When she was rude to her daughter-in-laws brother Cleante she tried to justify her behavior by saying â€Å"it behooves us not to mince words when righteous fervor moves us.†Like Madame Pernelle in Tartouffe, the â€Å"Devots† of the Enlightenment Period were self righteous hypocrites proclaiming to be ideal Christians. They had a negative impact on the lives of those who chose not to follow them.

Formal and Informal Organisations Management

Introduction This essay is based on Formal and Informal organisations and the details and difference between the two. Recommendations and conclusions are also drawn based on the information presented. Formal and Informal Organisations The fundamental concepts of formal and informal organisations are regarded with the nature and processes in the workplace. A formal organization is the actual framework of the organization including its organizational chart and its chain of command which determines accountability.However, within the informal organization, otherwise known as the ‘grapevine’ in a business, is the familiar working relationships that are established in the business place and contributes significantly to work culture. (Reingold, 2007) The real purpose of an organizational chart is to effectively outline the structure of the formal organization. It shows who is accountable to whom, from the top management to middle management and front line employees. It also sho ws the horizontalrelationships of the different functional and operational divisions and department personnel.This chart consists of the functional framework and is important in the workplace to establish stability, clarity in work relationships and reporting standards between supervisors and subordinates. (Parker, 2002) Although top management in some businesses does not take into account, the actuality of informal organizations when trying to determine culture, it does have an essential influence on work dynamism. Workers interact with each other at different intervals and in different situations such as lunch, in the break room, and even after work.These encounters can greatly influence the level of the sense of belongingness each employee experiences or feels in the working environment. If it is that these encounters are generally negative, the quality of work ethics and morale will be very poor. (Reingold, 2007) Understanding the direct reporting relationships outlined in the o rganizational chart is often less important than knowing the ‘go-to people’ in the company. For ambitious employees, this may mean looking beyondimmediate coworkers and managers and finding helpful mentors and internal coaches that want to help them succeed.Information communication networks are also useful tools in learning how the company works just beyond what is conveyed from top management. It is important to note that when front line employees get prompted into management positions they often forget the significance in striking a balance between the formal structure and informal networks within the business. Disciplined structure and clear reporting relationships are important. However, management also has a lot to gain by remembering that informal networks are real and is of much use.Managers can maximize insight on how employees feel towards their jobs and how functional terms are operating through familiar conversations. While formal relationships are key to ac complishing organizational and departmental goals and objectives they are sometimes restrictive to open interactions. (Parker M. , 2003) An example of a formal organization would be the Jamaica National Building Society which has clear concise goals written and duly communicated. It is a registered financial institution that provides service to the public in a very organized and structured manner both in physical space and information management.An example of an informal organization would be a study group where interactions are familiar and there is no legal framework or organizational structure that governs the operations of the group. In businesses, employees are both part of the formal organization as well as the informal. A sales clerk in a marketing company is part of the formal structure of the business and is given a job description and specification but can also be part of an informal organization within the same business such as a partner group.Recommendation Individuals i n an organization normally work according to the structure prescribed by formality. However, at the same time, they develop other relationships in the organization, which may be deeply grounded on personal rather than work related principles. Both formal and informal organisations exist in all businesses and can impact their operations in negative and positive ways. My preference and recommendations with regards to choosing between the two would be the formal organization as it has many advantages.It constitutes the fundamental structure of the delegation of work and responsibilities. Without a structure it would be very difficult for employees to agree between themselves and their roles and functions and such problems multiply in large amounts with the increase in size of the organization. In addition to this, formal organisations generate clarity of what support and input each employee can expect form others and in turn what is expected of him/her by others. Extreme discipline is promoted in the business and so employees have respect for each other.In formal organisations it is easier to review and revise the organization with changing requirements. It provides a framework or structure for laying down pay scales and taking other decisions linked to organizational levels. It also helps in other human resources development activities such as recruitment, promotions, career planning and development and manpower planning. Conclusion Formal organisations are characterized by a chain of command and empowered individuals to enforce agreed upon rules. Rotary clubs and boy scouts are examples of formal organisations.They both have a charter stating their place and function in society. On the other hand, an informal organization is one where the participants have no empowered central leader who has the power to enforce rules on the group. References Parker, A. (2002). Myths about Informal Networks. Sloan Management Review , 345-350. Parker, M. (2003). The Psychologica l Foundations of Business Administration. The Early Siciology of Management and Organisations , 216-235. Reingold, J. (2007). Hidden Workplace. Comments on organisation , 706-811.

Aesops Fable of the Crow and the Pitcher

Aesops Fable of the Crow and the Pitcher One of Aesops most popular animal stories is this one, of a thirsty and ingenious crow. The text of the fable, from George Fyler Townsend, whose translation of Aesops Fables has been the standard in English since the 19th Century, is this: A Crow perishing with thirst saw a pitcher, and hoping to find water, flew to it with delight. When he reached it, he discovered to his grief that it contained so little water that he could not possibly get at it. He tried everything he could think of to reach the water, but all his efforts were in vain. At last he collected as many stones as he could carry and dropped them one by one with his beak into the pitcher, until he brought the water within his reach and thus saved his life. Necessity is the mother of invention. History of the Fable Aesop, if he existed, was a slave in the seventh century Greece. According to Aristotle, he was born in Thrace. His fable of the Crow and the Pitcher was well known in Greece and in Rome, where mosaics have been found illustrating the crafty crow and the stoic pitcher. The fable was the subject of a poem by Bianor, an ancient Greek poet from Bithynia, who lived under the emperors Augustus and Tiberius in the First Century A.D. Avianus mentions the story 400 years later, and it continues to be cited throughout the Middle Ages. Interpretations of the Fable The morals of Aesops fables have always been appended by translators. Townsend, above, interprets the story of the Crow and the Pitcher to mean that dire circumstance gives rise to innovation. Others have seen in the story the virtue of persistence: The crow must drop many rocks into the pitcher before he can drink. Avianus took the fable as an advertisement for the suave sciences rather than force, writing: This fable shows us that thoughtfulness is superior to brute strength. The Crow and the Pitcher and Science Again and again, historians have noted with wonder that such an ancient tale- already hundreds of years old in Roman times- should document actual crow behavior. Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (77 A.D.) mentions a crow accomplishing the same feat as the one in Aesops story. Experiments with rooks (fellow corvids) in 2009 showed that the birds, presented with the same dilemma as the crow in the fable, made use of the same solution. These findings established that tool use in birds was more common than had been supposed, also that the birds would have had to understand the nature of solids and liquids, and further, that some objects (stones, for example) sink while others float. More Aesops Fables: The Ant and the DoveThe Bee and JupiterThe Cat and VenusThe Fox and the MonkeyThe Lion and the Mouse

The effect of temperature on the cell membrane of a beetroot.

The effect of temperature on the cell membrane of a beetroot. PlanningAimIn this experiment I will be testing the effect of temperature on the plasma membrane of a beetroot. I will do this by measuring the percentage light transmission using a spectrophotometer. Once I have obtained my results, I will justify them using scientific knowledge explaining what I have observed whilst carrying out the experiment.Factors to be controlled"‚Â « The pH concentration"‚Â « Regular use of distilled water"‚Â « Ensuring that the surface area of each piece of beetroot is the same"‚Â « Use the same volume of water"‚Â « Start with the required temperature before placing the beetroot into the boiling tube."‚Â « Use a new piece of beetroot for each experimental temperature"‚Â « Ensuring that the boiling tubes are left in the water baths for the same amount of timeThrough secondary research I found that if I were to prevent the structure of the protein from altering in any way, I would need to keep the pH level constant.Beetroot D ip DuoSubsequently, I decided to will be using distilled water throughout the experiment as it has a pH 7 and is neutral; neither acid nor alkali. By surrounding the beetroot with distilled water the protein will not have been altered, and the concentration gradient will be fairly constant for each of the temperatures also. This is because I will be exposing the beetroot to the surroundings of the same type of water, maintaining a fair test as distilled water may contain less or more impurities as other types of water, for example: tap water. I will have to control the amount of distilled water I use to place the beetroot pieces in and control this by using a measuring cylinder. I will measure 15cm3 of distilled water each time. It is important to keep the amount of...

What roles does the accountant play in business of present economy Research Paper

What roles does the accountant play in business of present economy - Research Paper Example Like other key professionals, accountants operate in volatile environments in the business world, where informational changes strike with catastrophic shocks that often times result in the collapse of business ventures. The challenge before an accountant is but to ensure informational flows, covering every undertaking within the organization in efforts towards warding off unaccounted for actions that may overstretch organizational budget beyond the available resources. This paper explores the nexus between the accountant and the economic well-being of the present economy with reference to their operational roles within the entrepreneurial undertakings. The role of accountants seems to be at the epicenter of business objectives; for these professional deals with figures of facts used in clarifying decisional options crucial in initiating projects as well as monitoring them in the subsequent stages with the sole aim of enhancing efficiency, and so the performance and the general well-being of a business enterprise and the economy at large (Lev 4-6). The connection between accounting and the economic health of a nation is but fairly implicit. Though difficult to define, â€Å"economic development,† a term which basically defines the standard of life within a given country, generally involves how the available inputs are used efficiently in the productive processes within a given economy. The relations of accountancy to economic development should, thus, be understood in terms of the measurement processes and techniques that the latter lend to the former in a nation’s continuous endeavors to ensure that people’s l ives are better off with regards production efficiency [which includes both quantity and quality of commodities available within the boundaries of an economy]. As noted by NPC in their analysis of the role of accountants, these

Job satisfaction for MacDonald fast food restaurant Case Study

Job satisfaction for MacDonald fast food restaurant - Case Study Example Hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes and desserts are some of the items sold by McDonald's. Recently McDonald's has diversified its operations into many other areas. For example, â€Å"With the introduction of specialty coffee, McDonald's became more than just a fast food restaurant. Now you could come during the evenings and sit in the McCafe, sipping cappuccino while discussing the subtleties of 20th century French philosophy† (McDonald's: A History Of Innovation). â€Å"According to the National Restaurant Association, American sales of fast food totaled $163.5 billion in 2005. Total sales for McDonald's grew 5.6 percent in 2005, and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries†(Wilson).(See appendix for more details). In short, McDonald's is one of the rapidly growing organizations in the world. Even though recent recession hit many of the restaurant chains drastically, McDonald's escaped without any se rious injuries. At the same time, many people believe that the job satisfaction of the employees of McDonald's is not so good because of the demanding work culture. It should be noted that job satisfaction is an important entity for the workers of modern era. Any lapse in job satisfaction may result in increased turnover rate and the image of the organization could be spoiled. This paper conducts a SWOT analysis of McDonald's with respect to job satisfaction among employees. SWOT analysis Strengths A New York Times article chronicles the efforts of one McDonald's franchisee in Missouri who has outsourced his drive through order-taking to Colorado. According to the franchise owner, outsourced order taking allows him to handle 30 additional cars per hour. At the same time, the error rate in order taking was cut significantly as the ordering process has become more efficient and accurate (McDonald's: A History Of Innovation). Innovation is the major strength of McDonald's. The company never hesitated to incorporate modern business strategies and servicing techniques in its premises. It should be noted that outsourcing and offshoring are two of the most modern business strategies adopted by modern organizations to exploit the globalized business climate. As mentioned earlier, internationalization of offshoring of business helped McDonald's to establish business in more than 120 countries at present. it should be noted that the business in America is almost saturated for McDonald's at present since it has outlets in virtually every corner of America. It is impossible for McDonald's to expand further in America. Because of the above awareness, the company started internationalization of business, which brought dividends to them. Same way, out sourcing also helped the company immensely in increasing its revenue. Many people have the illusion that outsourcing may help only the manufacturing industry and it has nothing to do with the service industry. However, McDonald 's proved such belief wrong. It has outsourced the majority of the order taking jobs. It should not be forgotten that it is extremely difficult in America and other European countries to find enough labor to work in lower level positions. Manpower shortage is immense in these regions and hence companies forced to outsource their jobs as much as possible. Outsourcing of order taking and order processing helped McDonald's to improve its operating efficiency immensely. Previously, the